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| Economics |
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On any given project our economics group can have responsibility for any number of issues including establishing economically recoverable reserves, economic viability of an investment, establishing economic terms for an oil and gas agreement, performing sales valuations, performing buying valuations, establishing the economically optimum scheme for a given development. As such it tends to work closely with our facilities engineering group utilising the cost, scheduling and production data genrated by this group as the basis for its valuations and economic assessments. The group also tends to work closely with our Clients to understand their commercial requirements for a particular investment.
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| Economic Analysis |
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As indicated earlier economic analysis is closely coordinated with our surface facilities group. Data received from them tends to be analysed using excel based economic models that are constructed based on the commercial agreement associated with any given deal or reserves assessment. This allows us to provide clients with a full appreciation of the value of a particular investment once it has been the subject of taxes, royalties and other economic rents dictated by the commercial agreeement and host country fiscal terms.
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| Project Experience |
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The projects below required economics input.
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| Early Gas Utilisation Study - Sudan |
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Carried out the upstream section of gas utilisation study designed to establish if implementation of an early gas power generation scheme in the license area was technically and economically feasible.Developed a reservoir simulation model for the discovered fields and established a field development plan for the production of gas suitable for power generation.The plan included a scheme to recover associated liquids and to produce LPG for local consumption. Carried out costing and economic analysis of the upstream scheme to establish the optimum production scheme.
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| Reserves Certification – Kazakhstan Property |
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Carried out a preliminary and detailed reserves certification and valuation for a small oil field in Kazakhstan’s Pre-Caspian basin. Developed a seismic interpretation and used available well log and test data to develop a reserves determination to PRMS standard.The Certification was used as part of an investment funding process designed to establish funds for development of the field and to carryout further exploration of the license area. Also developed an exploration plan for further evaluation of the license area including deep pre-salt carbonate structures.
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| Asset Acquisition - Kazakhstan |
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Assisted a Client looking to acquire a share in of a number of assets in western Kazakhstan, in the Pre-Caspian Basin and the Mangyshlak. Carried out full technical and economic evaluations of each asset including: seimic interpretation verification; geological model validation; development of independent PRMS assessment including 1P, 2P and 3P reserves and contingent resources; review of detailed Field Development Plans (in Russian); detailed cost verification and assessment; asset valuation including Net Present Value and Fair Market Value - the latter was based on Bayphase'proprietary data base of Kazakhstan oil field equity transactions. Assisted the Client in making his acquisition decisions and development of his acquisition strategy.
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| Reserves/FDP - Baltic Sea |
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Implemented an assessment for a field in the Baltic Sea. Prepared seismic interpretation, geological model and reservoir model. Developed reserves assessment in line with the Petroleum Resource Management System (PRMS). Went on to put together a conceptual Plan for Development of the Field. Carried out an economic assessment on the field as part of an options screening and valuation process.
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| Field Valuation - Nigeria |
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Carried out a valuation of an offshore field in Nigeria. The field is one of the Marginal fields released by the Nigerian Government in 2003. This Independent Valuation was performed as part of a the process associated with securing a loan to fund field development.
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| Field Evaluation - Tunisia |
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Carried out an independent reserves assessment for a client looking to farm-in to a license offshore Tunisia. Carried out a probabilistic reserves assessment to SPE guidelines. Also carried out a full Field Development Plan validation; assessed plan was technically feasible, that costs met industry norms and that the economic assessment was valid.
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| Project Financing - Libya |
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Identified companies active in Libya for a Group offering finance for E&P operations in that country. Went on to carry out independent reserves assements on selected licenses, field development planning reviews and independent budget and cost assessments. Also performed economic analysis and technical and economic risk assessment.
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| Reserves and FDP Assessment - Nigeria |
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Carried out a reserves assessment on an onshore Nigeria gas field to SPE standards; established 1P and 2P reserves. Went on to develop conceptual field development plan for the reserves as part of a gas utilisation project. Developed a full cost and economic assessment for the development program.
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| Project Re-financing - North Sea |
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Provided technical support to a Bank acting as part of a consortium providing refinancing to an E&P company active in the UK sector of the North Sea. Assessed production and other data from the 1 producing fields and 2 undeveloped fields that formed the re-finacing collateral. Performed Independent reserves determinations and assessments of production forecasts to ensure that a solid collateral basis had been established. Identified the key technical risks associated with the reserves assessments and production operations; advised on contingencies to be considered in the refinancing.
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| Reserves Determination Seminar |
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Developed and implemented a Reserves Determination Seminar for a Major FSU State Owned Company. Covered all aspects of the approach adopted in the West to determine reserves for asset based financing. Subjects covered included Society of Petroleum Engineers Standards, Monte Carlo analysis and the range of techniques used to determine the value of reserves for financial purposes including discounted cash flow and market valuation.
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| Economics Support - Africa |
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Provided economics support to an E&P company focused on establishing and adding to its portfolio of assets in Africa. Worked on a number of deals for the Client establishing economic models through the analysis of petroleum contracts. Providing assistance in establishing buyer valuations for a number of opportunities located both onshore and offshore. Developed buyer's valuations using discounted cashflow assessment and market valuation methodology.
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| Project Financing - Russia |
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Provided technical support to a Bank assessing the risks associated with making a loan to a company developing a gas condensate field in the Volga Region of Russia. Performed an Independent reserves determination as the basis for establishing the technical risks associated with the investment. Reviewed and critiqued: reserves report, information memoranda, Competent Person Reports and other information forming the technical basis for the loan.
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| Project Financing - Kurdistan |
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Identified companies active in Kurdistan for a Group offering finance for E&P operations on the newly established licencing areas and under agreements established by the Kurdistan Regional Government. Went on to perform technical due dilligence on agreed financings; this consisted of independent reserves assements, field development planning reviews and independent budget and cost assessments. Also performed economic analysis and technical and economic risk assessment.
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| Field Development Study Deep Water |
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Carried out a deep water field study for license area in the Middle East. The exploration prognosis was that outcomes could range from small to medium sized oil fields through to medium sized non-associated gas fields. Developed range of potential reserves and then established viable field development plans for each reserve size. Prospects were sited close to shore in 3,000m water depth; fully costed each development plan using Bayphase's cost estimating tool - NetCo$ter.
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| Heavy Oil Field Assessment - Kazakhstan |
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Carried out an assessment for a potential investor of a large heavy oil field in Kazakhstan. Reviewed the production system and technology current applied to assess its efficiency comnpared to comparable international projects. Advised on the production and reserves gains that might be acheived through the application of new heavy oil technology including Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage,Cyclic Steam Stimulation and Vapour Extraction
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| Oil Agreement Support Indian Ocean |
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Provided economics support to a small independent negotiating an offshore licensing agreement with a state in the Indian Ocean. Modelled the oil agreement commercial terms and tested a range of scenarios and potential terms whilst providing support during oil agreement finalisation and negotiation.
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| Competent Person Report - Central Africa Licenses |
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Contracted to develop a Competent Person Report for a number of licenses located in Central Africa. The report was developed to AIM format and formed part of an acquisition process conducted by a Johanesburg Stock Exchange listed company. A full geophysical and geological assessment was conducted along with a valuation of the licenses based on the agreed commercial terms.
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| Investment Overview - Kazakhstan |
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Prepared an overview of the current oil and gas investment climate in Kazakhstan for a City investment house. Overview covered investment criteria for oil and gas propreties including allowed reserves, discount rates and data on recently executed deals in the country.
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| License Valuation - Albertine Basin |
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Contracted to conduct an evaluaton of the potential reserves for a license area within the Congo's section of the Albertine Basin. Conducted the evaluation based on a regional geological assessment. Developed a valuation of the property. Went on to assist the client in establishing a Production Sharing Agreement for the license area with the host government.
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| Equity Farm-out - Offshore Ghana |
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Contracted to farm-out part of the equity in a highly prospective block in Ghana. Performed a pre-sale evaluation on the block including a reserves evaluation and a valuation based on the Petroleum Agreement terms. Went on to prepare and run the technical data room, receive and analyse bids and to assist in negotiations with selected bidders. The Farm-out was successful concluded in March 2009, our client and the Farminee or now proceeding to carry out the work program for the block - for futher information contact us.
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| License Valuation - Kazakhstan |
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Contracted to conduct an evaluaton of fields and prospects for a license area within Kazakhstan for an investor condsidering farm-in options. Evaluated reserves potential within the block and the robustness of the owner's exploration, appraisal and development program. Provided an Independent Valuation of the the potential opportunity. Went on to conduct a full geophysical evaluation of the pre-salt strata associated with the property couple with an assessment of potential reserves.
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| UKCS Gas Fields - Development Plan |
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Commissioned to prepare an outline field development plan for a number of gas fields in the UK southern basin. The scope included developing an offshore network of platforms, subsea well heads and pipe lines for a gas system with an overall carbon dioxide content of 2%. Also developed an outline plan for an onshore reception and treatment terminal. The end product a fully costed set of plans was delivered to the client.
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| Screening Study Giant Sour Gas Fields |
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Conducted detailed screening study for two very large,heavily sour gas fields (30% H2S and 10% CO2) to determine the optimum development configuration. Reviewed acid gas injection, desulphurisation,acid gas power generation and selective treatment options from a technical and economic standpoint. Selected the technical economic optimum as the basis for a Field Development Plan.
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| Field Development Plan - Sour Gas Fields |
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Developed a Field Development Plan for two large sour gas fields (30% Hydrogen Sulphide and 10% Carbon Dioxide)as part of a license bid submission. The plan utilised all aspects of Bayphase's INTEGRATED team approach and include seismic interpretation and mapping, geological model development,reservoir modelling, facilities and process engineering assessments, cost estimating and finally economic assessment. Work included a full reassessment of reserves both on a probabalistic and deterministic basis
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| Gas Condensate Field Reserves Assessment and Valuation |
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Reviewed the available data for two gas condensate fields and developed an independent reserves assessment and asset valuation for a client interested in purchasing the property. Work included working with Soviet data and conducting geological, reservoir engineering and economic assessments
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| Equity Sale - Onshore License Area Block |
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Mandated to conduct a limited equity farm out for an onshore block in Nigeria. As part of the process conducted a full technical evaluation of the property, conducted a license valuation and carried out planning for an in-fill seismic data gathering project. The farm out was successfully completed in January 2008 - for further information Contact Us.
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| Offshore Morrocco Heavy Oil |
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Developed a preliminary field development plan a heavy oil accummulation offshore Morrocco at 80m water depth. The assessment considered production methods appropriate for this remote site and for a recoverable reserve of between 25 and 45 million bbls. The scheme also considered export options for the crude. A capital and operating cost estimate and schedule was developed which was used to assess the economic attractiveness of the opportunity.
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| Offshore Sour Oil Field - Libya |
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Developed a preliminary field assessment for an offshore prospect in Libya. The accummulation was thought to potentailly contain around 70 million bbls of oil but was potentially sour - upto 2% hydrogen sulphide. The assessment considered a number of methods to develop the field focussing particularly on the possible means of handling the highly sour associated gas which was expected to be produced. A number of capital and operating cost estimates and schedules were developed to assess the economic attractiveness of the opportunity.
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| UKCS Heavy Oil Development |
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Implemented a study considering the application of heavy oil extraction techniques developed in the UKCS to a giant field prospect situated. The study focussed on the latest techniques being adopted by operators in the North Sea for the development of heavy oil fields. The study's main focus was production - well design, transportation - use of oil water emulsions particularly - and productions - primarily oil separation and treatment. This work included assessing the economic benefit that would result through applying these techniques to a giant field containing oil of 20-22 API.
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| Privatisation - Regional Oil Company |
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Acted as technical and commerial advisor during the sale of 30% of a regional oil company in the Former Soviet Union. The units asset base included 1.25 billion barrels of proven reserves, upstream production plant, a refinery and oil transporation networks. Prepared sales documentation for the asset, sought out buyers and ultimately arranged disposal of the equity.
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| Outline Field Development - Onshore Angola |
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Developed an outline field development plan for a prospective onshore oil accummulation in southern Angola, in assumed swamp conditions. The assessment considered production methods appropriate for this remote site and for a recoverable reserve of between 25 and 45 million bbls. The scheme also considered exploration abd appraisal drilling options for the prospet. A capital and operating cost estimate and schedule was developed which was used to assess the economic attractiveness of the opportunity.
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| Market Study Oil Terminal |
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Provided an assessment of transportation costs and markets for an international bank assessing the robustness of a project designed to export crude oil and refined products from a terminal expansion loacted in Georgia. The assessment focused on investigating route and demand from potential clients in eastern Europe. It also established the availablity of crude oil and refined product supplies form a Caspian region hinterland including Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkemenistan and Kazakhstan.
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| Market Assessment - Algeria |
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Conducted an assessment of all know major oil and gas developments in Algeria designed to assess the investment value associated with each and the timing of the associated expenditure. The work was conducted for a government body charged with assessing international markets for its oil and gas manufacturing and services sector.
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| Viability Assessment Major Pipe Line |
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Conducted an assessment of the economic viability of a major European crude oil pipeline, including a review of potential users and options for development. The study included assessing the potential to reverse flow in the line. The modifications required to achieve this along with their cost were assessed. An economic assessment was then conducted to assess the viability of making the changes.
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| Generic Study - UKCS Gas |
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Conducted a generic study designed to establish economic minimum recoverable reserves for stand-alone and tie-back developments in the Southern basin of the UKCS. The study considered a range of gas reserves from 10bscf through to 150bscf. It also considered a range of production methods including subsea wells and tie-backs, not-normally manned platforms and a range of full production facilities including comprssion for later life exploitation.
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| Type IV Cost Estimate - Ultra Deep Offshore Prospect |
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Developed a Type IV cost estimate for an ultra deep water oil prospect offshore Sierra Leone.he assessment considered production methods appropriate for this remote and ultradeep water site - 1,800m - and for a recoverable reserve of between 250 and 750 million bbls. The scheme also considered exploration abd appraisal drilling options for the prospet. A capital and operating cost estimate and schedule was developed which was used to assess the economic attractiveness of the opportunity.
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| Reserves Evaluation Dawes Island |
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Conducted a technical reserves evaluation on this field which was due to be licensed as part of Nigeria's marginal field round. Analysed available 2D seismic and well data to develop a deterministic reserves estimate. Also generated outline field development plan and valued the field. Went on to submit formal bid to receive the license to the the Nigerian government on behalf of the client.
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| Master Plan Giant Offshore Fields |
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Assisted the Client in developing a master plan for two giant offshore fields. Work included establishing a full inventory of all existing surface facilities, planning future additions and expansion and developing budgets. The plan considered multiple time frames for development of the fields short term (1-2years), medium term (3-5 years) and Long Term (5-35years). Established a field master planning system designed to be executed annually to give senior management a coherent view of the fields' future.
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